❞ كتاب Linux Fundamentals Paul Cobbaut ❝

❞ كتاب Linux Fundamentals Paul Cobbaut ❝

Linux Fundamentals
Paul Cobbaut
Publication date 2015-05-24 CEST
Abstract
This book is meant to be used in an instructor-led training. For self-study, the intent is to read
this book next to a working Linux computer so you can immediately do every subject, practicing
each command.
This book is aimed at novice Linux system administrators (and might be interesting and useful
for home users that want to know a bit more about their Linux system). However, this book
is not meant as an introduction to Linux desktop applications like text editors, browsers, mail
clients, multimedia or office applications.
More information and free .pdf available at
http://linux-training.be
.
Feel free to contact the author:
• Paul Cobbaut: [email protected], http://www.linkedin.com/in/cobbaut
Contributors to the Linux Training project are:
• Serge van Ginderachter: [email protected], build scripts and infrastructure setup
• Ywein Van den Brande: [email protected], license and legal sections
• Hendrik De Vloed: [email protected], buildheader.pl script
We'd also like to thank our reviewers:
• Wouter Verhelst: [email protected], http://grep.be
• Geert
Goossens:
[email protected],
http://www.linkedin.com/in/
geertgoossens
• Elie De Brauwer: [email protected], http://www.de-brauwer.be
• Christophe Vandeplas: [email protected], http://christophe.vandeplas.com
• Bert Desmet: [email protected], http://blog.bdesmet.be
• Rich Yonts: [email protected],
Copyright 2007-2015 Netsec BVBA, Paul Cobbaut
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the
GNU Free Documentation License
, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled 'GNU Free Documentation
License'.


iii

.................................................................................................................................. 199
20.7. gzip - gunzip
.................................................................................................................... 200
20.8. zcat - zmore
..................................................................................................................... 200
20.9. bzip2 - bunzip2
................................................................................................................ 201
20.10. bzcat - bzmore
............................................................................................................... 201
20.11. practice: basic Unix tools
.............................................................................................. 202
20.12. solution: basic Unix tools
.............................................................................................. 203
21. regular expressions
.................................................................................................................... 205
21.1. regex versions
.................................................................................................................. 206
21.2. grep
.................................................................................................................................. 207
21.3. rename
.............................................................................................................................. 212
21.4. sed
.................................................................................................................................... 215
21.5. bash history
...................................................................................................................... 219
VI. vi
............................................................................................................................................................ 220
22. Introduction to vi
....................................................................................................................... 222
22.1. command mode and insert mode
.................................................................................... 223
22.2. start typing (a A i I o O)
................................................................................................ 223
22.3. replace and delete a character (r x X)
............................................................................. 224
22.4. undo and repeat (u .)
....................................................................................................... 224
22.5. cut, copy and paste a line (dd yy p P)
............................................................................ 224
22.6. cut, copy and paste lines (3dd 2yy)
................................................................................ 225
22.7. start and end of a line (0 or ^ and $)
.............................................................................. 225
22.8. join two lines (J) and more
............................................................................................. 225
22.9. words (w b)
..................................................................................................................... 226
22.10. save (or not) and exit (:w :q :q! )
.................................................................................. 226
22.11. Searching (/ ?)
................................................................................................................ 226
22.12. replace all ( :1,$ s/foo/bar/g )
........................................................................................ 227
22.13. reading files (:r :r !cmd)
................................................................................................ 227
22.14. text buffers
..................................................................................................................... 227
22.15. multiple files
.................................................................................................................. 227
Linux Fundamentals
vii
22.16. abbreviations
.................................................................................................................. 228
22.17. key mappings
................................................................................................................. 229
22.18. setting options
................................................................................................................ 229
22.19. practice: vi(m)
............................................................................................................... 230
22.20. solution: vi(m)
............................................................................................................... 231
VII. scripting
................................................................................................................................................ 232
23. scripting introduction
................................................................................................................ 234
23.1. prerequisites
..................................................................................................................... 235
23.2. hello world
....................................................................................................................... 235
23.3. she-bang
........................................................................................................................... 235
23.4. comment
........................................................................................................................... 236
23.5. variables
........................................................................................................................... 236
23.6. sourcing a script
.............................................................................................................. 236
23.7. troubleshooting a script
................................................................................................... 237
23.8. prevent setuid root spoofing
............................................................................................ 237
23.9. practice: introduction to scripting
................................................................................... 238
23.10. solution: introduction to scripting
................................................................................. 239
24. scripting loops
............................................................................................................................. 240
24.1. test [ ]
............................................................................................................................... 241
24.2. if then else
....................................................................................................................... 242
24.3. if then elif
........................................................................................................................ 242
24.4. for loop
............................................................................................................................ 242
24.5. while loop
........................................................................................................................ 243
24.6. until loop
.......................................................................................................................... 243
24.7. practice: scripting tests and loops
................................................................................... 244
24.8. solution: scripting tests and loops
................................................................................... 245
25. scripting parameters
.................................................................................................................. 247
25.1. script parameters
.............................................................................................................. 248
25.2. shift through parameters
.................................................................................................. 249
25.3. runtime input
................................................................................................................... 249
25.4. sourcing a config file
...................................................................................................... 250
25.5. get script options with getopts
........................................................................................ 251
25.6. get shell options with shopt
............................................................................................ 252
25.7. practice: parameters and options
..................................................................................... 253
25.8. solution: parameters and options
..................................................................................... 254
26. more scripting
............................................................................................................................. 255
26.1. eval
................................................................................................................................... 256
26.2. (( ))
................................................................................................................................... 256
26.3. let
..................................................................................................................................... 257
26.4. case
.................................................................................................................................. 258
26.5. shell functions
.................................................................................................................. 259
26.6. practice : more scripting
.................................................................................................. 260
26.7. solution : more scripting
.................................................................................................. 261
VIII. local user management
....................................................................................................................... 263
27. introduction to users
.................................................................................................................. 266
27.1. whoami
............................................................................................................................ 267
27.2. who
.................................................................................................................................. 267
27.3. who am i
.......................................................................................................................... 267
27.4. w
...................................................................................................................................... 267
27.5. id
...................................................................................................................................... 267
27.6. su to another user
............................................................................................................ 268
27.7. su to root
......................................................................................................................... 268
27.8. su as root
......................................................................................................................... 268
27.9. su - $username
................................................................................................................ 268
27.10. su -
................................................................................................................................. 268
27.11. run a program as another user
...................................................................................... 269
27.12. visudo
............................................................................................................................. 269
27.13. sudo su -
........................................................................................................................ 270
Linux Fundamentals
viii
27.14. sudo logging
.................................................................................................................. 270
27.15. practice: introduction to users
....................................................................................... 271
27.16. solution: introduction to users
....................................................................................... 272
28. user management
....................................................................................................................... 274
28.1. user management
............................................................................................................. 275
28.2. /etc/passwd
....................................................................................................................... 275
28.3. root
................................................................................................................................... 275
28.4. useradd
............................................................................................................................. 276
28.5. /etc/default/useradd
.......................................................................................................... 276
28.6. userdel
.............................................................................................................................. 276
28.7. usermod
............................................................................................................................ 276
28.8. creating home directories
................................................................................................ 277
28.9. /etc/skel/
........................................................................................................................... 277
28.10. deleting home directories
.............................................................................................. 277
28.11. login shell
...................................................................................................................... 278
28.12. chsh
................................................................................................................................ 278
28.13. practice: user management
............................................................................................ 279
28.14. solution: user management
............................................................................................ 280
29. user passwords
............................................................................................................................ 282
29.1. passwd
.............................................................................................................................. 283
29.2. shadow file
...................................................................................................................... 283
29.3. encryption with passwd
................................................................................................... 284
29.4. encryption with openssl
................................................................................................... 284
29.5. encryption with crypt
...................................................................................................... 285
29.6. /etc/login.defs
................................................................................................................... 286
29.7. chage
................................................................................................................................ 286
29.8. disabling a password
....................................................................................................... 287
29.9. editing local files
............................................................................................................. 287
29.10. practice: user passwords
................................................................................................ 288
29.11. solution: user passwords
................................................................................................ 289
30. user profiles
................................................................................................................................ 291
30.1. system profile
.................................................................................................................. 292
30.2. ~/.bash_profile
................................................................................................................. 292
30.3. ~/.bash_login
.................................................................................................................... 293
30.4. ~/.profile
.......................................................................................................................... 293
30.5. ~/.bashrc
........................................................................................................................... 293
30.6. ~/.bash_logout
.................................................................................................................. 294
30.7. Debian overview
.............................................................................................................. 295
30.8. RHEL5 overview
............................................................................................................. 295
30.9. practice: user profiles
...................................................................................................... 296
30.10. solution: user profiles
.................................................................................................... 297
31. groups
.......................................................................................................................................... 298
31.1. groupadd
.......................................................................................................................... 299
31.2. group file
......................................................................................................................... 299
31.3. groups
.............................................................................................................................. 299
31.4. usermod
............................................................................................................................ 300
31.5. groupmod
......................................................................................................................... 300
31.6. groupdel
........................................................................................................................... 300
31.7. gpasswd
............................................................................................................................ 301
31.8. newgrp
............................................................................................................................. 302
31.9. vigr
................................................................................................................................... 302
31.10. practice: groups
............................................................................................................. 303
31.11. solution: groups
............................................................................................................. 304
IX. file security
............................................................................................................................................ 305
32. standard file permissions
.......................................................................................................... 307
32.1. file ownership
.................................................................................................................. 308
32.2. list of special files
........................................................................................................... 310
32.3. permissions
...................................................................................................................... 311
Linux Fundamentals
ix
32.4. practice: standard file permissions
.................................................................................. 316
32.5. solution: standard file permissions
.................................................................................. 317
33. advanced file permissions
.......................................................................................................... 319
33.1. sticky bit on directory
..................................................................................................... 320
33.2. setgid bit on directory
..................................................................................................... 320
33.3. setgid and setuid on regular files
.................................................................................... 321
33.4. setuid on sudo
.................................................................................................................. 321
33.5. practice: sticky, setuid and setgid bits
............................................................................ 322
33.6. solution: sticky, setuid and setgid bits
............................................................................ 323
34. access control lists
...................................................................................................................... 325
34.1. acl in /etc/fstab
................................................................................................................. 326
34.2. getfacl
.............................................................................................................................. 326
34.3. setfacl
............................................................................................................................... 326
34.4. remove an acl entry
......................................................................................................... 327
34.5. remove the complete acl
................................................................................................. 327
34.6. the acl mask
..................................................................................................................... 327
34.7. eiciel
................................................................................................................................. 328
35. file links
....................................................................................................................................... 329
35.1. inodes
............................................................................................................................... 330
35.2. about directories
.............................................................................................................. 331
35.3. hard links
......................................................................................................................... 332
35.4. symbolic links
.................................................................................................................. 333
35.5. removing links
................................................................................................................. 333
35.6. practice : links
................................................................................................................. 334
35.7. solution : links
................................................................................................................. 335
X. Appendices
.............................................................................................................................................. 336
A. keyboard settings
......................................................................................................................... 338
A.1. about keyboard layout
...................................................................................................... 338
A.2. X Keyboard Layout
.......................................................................................................... 338
A.3. shell keyboard layout
....................................................................................................... 338
B. hardware
....................................................................................................................................... 340
B.1. buses
.................................................................................................................................. 340
B.2. interrupts
........................................................................................................................... 341
B.3. io ports
.............................................................................................................................. 342
B.4. dma
.................................................................................................................................... 342
C. License
.......................................................................................................................................... 344
Index
...
-
من كتب لينكس كتب أنظمة التشغيل - مكتبة كتب تقنية المعلومات.

نبذة عن الكتاب:
Linux Fundamentals Paul Cobbaut

Linux Fundamentals
Paul Cobbaut
Publication date 2015-05-24 CEST
Abstract
This book is meant to be used in an instructor-led training. For self-study, the intent is to read
this book next to a working Linux computer so you can immediately do every subject, practicing
each command.
This book is aimed at novice Linux system administrators (and might be interesting and useful
for home users that want to know a bit more about their Linux system). However, this book
is not meant as an introduction to Linux desktop applications like text editors, browsers, mail
clients, multimedia or office applications.
More information and free .pdf available at
http://linux-training.be
.
Feel free to contact the author:
• Paul Cobbaut: [email protected], http://www.linkedin.com/in/cobbaut
Contributors to the Linux Training project are:
• Serge van Ginderachter: [email protected], build scripts and infrastructure setup
• Ywein Van den Brande: [email protected], license and legal sections
• Hendrik De Vloed: [email protected], buildheader.pl script
We'd also like to thank our reviewers:
• Wouter Verhelst: [email protected], http://grep.be
• Geert
Goossens:
[email protected],
http://www.linkedin.com/in/
geertgoossens
• Elie De Brauwer: [email protected], http://www.de-brauwer.be
• Christophe Vandeplas: [email protected], http://christophe.vandeplas.com
• Bert Desmet: [email protected], http://blog.bdesmet.be
• Rich Yonts: [email protected],
Copyright 2007-2015 Netsec BVBA, Paul Cobbaut
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the
GNU Free Documentation License
, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled 'GNU Free Documentation
License'.


iii

.................................................................................................................................. 199
20.7. gzip - gunzip
.................................................................................................................... 200
20.8. zcat - zmore
..................................................................................................................... 200
20.9. bzip2 - bunzip2
................................................................................................................ 201
20.10. bzcat - bzmore
............................................................................................................... 201
20.11. practice: basic Unix tools
.............................................................................................. 202
20.12. solution: basic Unix tools
.............................................................................................. 203
21. regular expressions
.................................................................................................................... 205
21.1. regex versions
.................................................................................................................. 206
21.2. grep
.................................................................................................................................. 207
21.3. rename
.............................................................................................................................. 212
21.4. sed
.................................................................................................................................... 215
21.5. bash history
...................................................................................................................... 219
VI. vi
............................................................................................................................................................ 220
22. Introduction to vi
....................................................................................................................... 222
22.1. command mode and insert mode
.................................................................................... 223
22.2. start typing (a A i I o O)
................................................................................................ 223
22.3. replace and delete a character (r x X)
............................................................................. 224
22.4. undo and repeat (u .)
....................................................................................................... 224
22.5. cut, copy and paste a line (dd yy p P)
............................................................................ 224
22.6. cut, copy and paste lines (3dd 2yy)
................................................................................ 225
22.7. start and end of a line (0 or ^ and $)
.............................................................................. 225
22.8. join two lines (J) and more
............................................................................................. 225
22.9. words (w b)
..................................................................................................................... 226
22.10. save (or not) and exit (:w :q :q! )
.................................................................................. 226
22.11. Searching (/ ?)
................................................................................................................ 226
22.12. replace all ( :1,$ s/foo/bar/g )
........................................................................................ 227
22.13. reading files (:r :r !cmd)
................................................................................................ 227
22.14. text buffers
..................................................................................................................... 227
22.15. multiple files
.................................................................................................................. 227
Linux Fundamentals
vii
22.16. abbreviations
.................................................................................................................. 228
22.17. key mappings
................................................................................................................. 229
22.18. setting options
................................................................................................................ 229
22.19. practice: vi(m)
............................................................................................................... 230
22.20. solution: vi(m)
............................................................................................................... 231
VII. scripting
................................................................................................................................................ 232
23. scripting introduction
................................................................................................................ 234
23.1. prerequisites
..................................................................................................................... 235
23.2. hello world
....................................................................................................................... 235
23.3. she-bang
........................................................................................................................... 235
23.4. comment
........................................................................................................................... 236
23.5. variables
........................................................................................................................... 236
23.6. sourcing a script
.............................................................................................................. 236
23.7. troubleshooting a script
................................................................................................... 237
23.8. prevent setuid root spoofing
............................................................................................ 237
23.9. practice: introduction to scripting
................................................................................... 238
23.10. solution: introduction to scripting
................................................................................. 239
24. scripting loops
............................................................................................................................. 240
24.1. test [ ]
............................................................................................................................... 241
24.2. if then else
....................................................................................................................... 242
24.3. if then elif
........................................................................................................................ 242
24.4. for loop
............................................................................................................................ 242
24.5. while loop
........................................................................................................................ 243
24.6. until loop
.......................................................................................................................... 243
24.7. practice: scripting tests and loops
................................................................................... 244
24.8. solution: scripting tests and loops
................................................................................... 245
25. scripting parameters
.................................................................................................................. 247
25.1. script parameters
.............................................................................................................. 248
25.2. shift through parameters
.................................................................................................. 249
25.3. runtime input
................................................................................................................... 249
25.4. sourcing a config file
...................................................................................................... 250
25.5. get script options with getopts
........................................................................................ 251
25.6. get shell options with shopt
............................................................................................ 252
25.7. practice: parameters and options
..................................................................................... 253
25.8. solution: parameters and options
..................................................................................... 254
26. more scripting
............................................................................................................................. 255
26.1. eval
................................................................................................................................... 256
26.2. (( ))
................................................................................................................................... 256
26.3. let
..................................................................................................................................... 257
26.4. case
.................................................................................................................................. 258
26.5. shell functions
.................................................................................................................. 259
26.6. practice : more scripting
.................................................................................................. 260
26.7. solution : more scripting
.................................................................................................. 261
VIII. local user management
....................................................................................................................... 263
27. introduction to users
.................................................................................................................. 266
27.1. whoami
............................................................................................................................ 267
27.2. who
.................................................................................................................................. 267
27.3. who am i
.......................................................................................................................... 267
27.4. w
...................................................................................................................................... 267
27.5. id
...................................................................................................................................... 267
27.6. su to another user
............................................................................................................ 268
27.7. su to root
......................................................................................................................... 268
27.8. su as root
......................................................................................................................... 268
27.9. su - $username
................................................................................................................ 268
27.10. su -
................................................................................................................................. 268
27.11. run a program as another user
...................................................................................... 269
27.12. visudo
............................................................................................................................. 269
27.13. sudo su -
........................................................................................................................ 270
Linux Fundamentals
viii
27.14. sudo logging
.................................................................................................................. 270
27.15. practice: introduction to users
....................................................................................... 271
27.16. solution: introduction to users
....................................................................................... 272
28. user management
....................................................................................................................... 274
28.1. user management
............................................................................................................. 275
28.2. /etc/passwd
....................................................................................................................... 275
28.3. root
................................................................................................................................... 275
28.4. useradd
............................................................................................................................. 276
28.5. /etc/default/useradd
.......................................................................................................... 276
28.6. userdel
.............................................................................................................................. 276
28.7. usermod
............................................................................................................................ 276
28.8. creating home directories
................................................................................................ 277
28.9. /etc/skel/
........................................................................................................................... 277
28.10. deleting home directories
.............................................................................................. 277
28.11. login shell
...................................................................................................................... 278
28.12. chsh
................................................................................................................................ 278
28.13. practice: user management
............................................................................................ 279
28.14. solution: user management
............................................................................................ 280
29. user passwords
............................................................................................................................ 282
29.1. passwd
.............................................................................................................................. 283
29.2. shadow file
...................................................................................................................... 283
29.3. encryption with passwd
................................................................................................... 284
29.4. encryption with openssl
................................................................................................... 284
29.5. encryption with crypt
...................................................................................................... 285
29.6. /etc/login.defs
................................................................................................................... 286
29.7. chage
................................................................................................................................ 286
29.8. disabling a password
....................................................................................................... 287
29.9. editing local files
............................................................................................................. 287
29.10. practice: user passwords
................................................................................................ 288
29.11. solution: user passwords
................................................................................................ 289
30. user profiles
................................................................................................................................ 291
30.1. system profile
.................................................................................................................. 292
30.2. ~/.bash_profile
................................................................................................................. 292
30.3. ~/.bash_login
.................................................................................................................... 293
30.4. ~/.profile
.......................................................................................................................... 293
30.5. ~/.bashrc
........................................................................................................................... 293
30.6. ~/.bash_logout
.................................................................................................................. 294
30.7. Debian overview
.............................................................................................................. 295
30.8. RHEL5 overview
............................................................................................................. 295
30.9. practice: user profiles
...................................................................................................... 296
30.10. solution: user profiles
.................................................................................................... 297
31. groups
.......................................................................................................................................... 298
31.1. groupadd
.......................................................................................................................... 299
31.2. group file
......................................................................................................................... 299
31.3. groups
.............................................................................................................................. 299
31.4. usermod
............................................................................................................................ 300
31.5. groupmod
......................................................................................................................... 300
31.6. groupdel
........................................................................................................................... 300
31.7. gpasswd
............................................................................................................................ 301
31.8. newgrp
............................................................................................................................. 302
31.9. vigr
................................................................................................................................... 302
31.10. practice: groups
............................................................................................................. 303
31.11. solution: groups
............................................................................................................. 304
IX. file security
............................................................................................................................................ 305
32. standard file permissions
.......................................................................................................... 307
32.1. file ownership
.................................................................................................................. 308
32.2. list of special files
........................................................................................................... 310
32.3. permissions
...................................................................................................................... 311
Linux Fundamentals
ix
32.4. practice: standard file permissions
.................................................................................. 316
32.5. solution: standard file permissions
.................................................................................. 317
33. advanced file permissions
.......................................................................................................... 319
33.1. sticky bit on directory
..................................................................................................... 320
33.2. setgid bit on directory
..................................................................................................... 320
33.3. setgid and setuid on regular files
.................................................................................... 321
33.4. setuid on sudo
.................................................................................................................. 321
33.5. practice: sticky, setuid and setgid bits
............................................................................ 322
33.6. solution: sticky, setuid and setgid bits
............................................................................ 323
34. access control lists
...................................................................................................................... 325
34.1. acl in /etc/fstab
................................................................................................................. 326
34.2. getfacl
.............................................................................................................................. 326
34.3. setfacl
............................................................................................................................... 326
34.4. remove an acl entry
......................................................................................................... 327
34.5. remove the complete acl
................................................................................................. 327
34.6. the acl mask
..................................................................................................................... 327
34.7. eiciel
................................................................................................................................. 328
35. file links
....................................................................................................................................... 329
35.1. inodes
............................................................................................................................... 330
35.2. about directories
.............................................................................................................. 331
35.3. hard links
......................................................................................................................... 332
35.4. symbolic links
.................................................................................................................. 333
35.5. removing links
................................................................................................................. 333
35.6. practice : links
................................................................................................................. 334
35.7. solution : links
................................................................................................................. 335
X. Appendices
.............................................................................................................................................. 336
A. keyboard settings
......................................................................................................................... 338
A.1. about keyboard layout
...................................................................................................... 338
A.2. X Keyboard Layout
.......................................................................................................... 338
A.3. shell keyboard layout
....................................................................................................... 338
B. hardware
....................................................................................................................................... 340
B.1. buses
.................................................................................................................................. 340
B.2. interrupts
........................................................................................................................... 341
B.3. io ports
.............................................................................................................................. 342
B.4. dma
.................................................................................................................................... 342
C. License
.......................................................................................................................................... 344
Index
... .
المزيد..

تعليقات القرّاء:

Table of Contents
I.  introduction  to  Linux
   ...................................................................................................................................    1
1.  Linux  history
   ....................................................................................................................................    3
1.1.  1969
   .......................................................................................................................................    4
1.2.  1980s
   ......................................................................................................................................   4
1.3.  1990s
   ......................................................................................................................................   4
1.4.  2015
   .......................................................................................................................................    5
2.  distributions
   ......................................................................................................................................    6
2.1.  Red  Hat
   ..................................................................................................................................   7
2.2.  Ubuntu
   ...................................................................................................................................    7
2.3.  Debian
   ....................................................................................................................................    7
2.4.  Other
   ......................................................................................................................................    7
2.5.  Which  to  choose  ?
   .................................................................................................................    8
3.  licensing
   .............................................................................................................................................    9
3.1.  about  software  licenses
   .......................................................................................................    10
3.2. public domain software and freeware
  .................................................................................   10
3.3. Free Software or Open Source Software
  ............................................................................   10
3.4.  GNU  General  Public  License
   ..............................................................................................   11
3.5.  using  GPLv3  software
   .........................................................................................................   11
3.6.  BSD  license
   .........................................................................................................................    12
3.7.  other  licenses
   .......................................................................................................................    12
3.8. combination of software licenses
  ........................................................................................   12
II.  installing  Linux
   .........................................................................................................................................    13
4.  installing  Debian  8
   .........................................................................................................................    15
4.1.  Debian
   ..................................................................................................................................    16
4.2.  Downloading
   ........................................................................................................................   16
4.3.  virtualbox  networking
   .........................................................................................................    32
4.4.  setting  the  hostname
   ............................................................................................................    34
4.5.  adding  a  static  ip  address
   ....................................................................................................    34
4.6.  Debian  package  management
   ..............................................................................................   35
5.  installing  CentOS  7
   ........................................................................................................................    36
5.1.  download  a  CentOS  7  image
   ..............................................................................................    37
5.2.  Virtualbox
   ............................................................................................................................    39
5.3.  CentOS  7  installing
   .............................................................................................................    44
5.4.  CentOS  7  first  logon
   ...........................................................................................................    52
5.5.  Virtualbox  network  interface
   ..............................................................................................    53
5.6.  configuring  the  network
   ......................................................................................................    54
5.7.  adding  one  static  ip  address
   ................................................................................................    54
5.8.  package  management
   ...........................................................................................................   55
5.9.  logon  from  Linux  and  MacOSX
   .........................................................................................    56
5.10.  logon  from  MS  Windows
   .................................................................................................    56
6.  getting  Linux  at  home
   ...................................................................................................................    58
6.1.  download  a  Linux  CD  image
   ..............................................................................................   59
6.2.  download  Virtualbox
   ...........................................................................................................    59
6.3.  create  a  virtual  machine
   ......................................................................................................    60
6.4.  attach  the  CD  image
   ............................................................................................................   65
6.5.  install  Linux
   .........................................................................................................................   68
III.  first  steps  on  the  command  line
   ..............................................................................................................    69
7.  man  pages
   .......................................................................................................................................    71
7.1.  man  $command
   ...................................................................................................................    72
7.2.  man  $configfile
   ....................................................................................................................   72
7.3.  man  $daemon
   ......................................................................................................................    72
7.4.  man  -k  (apropos)
   .................................................................................................................    72
7.5.  whatis
   ...................................................................................................................................    72
7.6.  whereis
   .................................................................................................................................    72
7.7.  man  sections
   ........................................................................................................................    73
Linux Fundamentals
iv
7.8.  man  $section  $file
   ...............................................................................................................    73
7.9.  man  man
   ..............................................................................................................................    73
7.10.  mandb
   ................................................................................................................................    73
8.  working  with  directories
   ...............................................................................................................    74
8.1.  pwd
   ......................................................................................................................................    75
8.2.  cd
   ..........................................................................................................................................   75
8.3.  absolute  and  relative  paths
   ..................................................................................................    76
8.4.  path  completion
   ...................................................................................................................    77
8.5.  ls
   ...........................................................................................................................................   77
8.6.  mkdir
   ....................................................................................................................................    79
8.7.  rmdir
   ....................................................................................................................................    79
8.8. practice: working with directories
  .......................................................................................  81
8.9. solution: working with directories
  ......................................................................................   82
9.  working  with  files
   ...........................................................................................................................   84
9.1.  all  files  are  case  sensitive
   ...................................................................................................    85
9.2.  everything  is  a  file
   ..............................................................................................................    85
9.3.  file
   ........................................................................................................................................    85
9.4.  touch
   ....................................................................................................................................    86
9.5.  rm
   .........................................................................................................................................    87
9.6.  cp
   ..........................................................................................................................................   88
9.7.  mv
   ........................................................................................................................................    89
9.8.  rename
   ..................................................................................................................................   90
9.9.  practice:  working  with  files
   ................................................................................................    91
9.10.  solution:  working  with  files
   ..............................................................................................    92
10.  working  with  file  contents
   ...........................................................................................................   94
10.1.  head
   ....................................................................................................................................    95
10.2.  tail
   ......................................................................................................................................    95
10.3.  cat
   .......................................................................................................................................   96
10.4.  tac
   .......................................................................................................................................   97
10.5.  more  and  less
   .....................................................................................................................   98
10.6.  strings
   .................................................................................................................................   98
10.7.  practice:  file  contents
   ........................................................................................................    99
10.8.  solution:  file  contents
   ......................................................................................................    100
11.  the  Linux  file  tree
   ......................................................................................................................    101
11.1.  filesystem  hierarchy  standard
   ..........................................................................................   102
11.2.  man  hier
   ...........................................................................................................................    102
11.3.  the  root  directory  /
   ...........................................................................................................    102
11.4.  binary  directories
   .............................................................................................................    103
11.5.  configuration  directories
   ..................................................................................................   105
11.6.  data  directories
   ................................................................................................................    107
11.7.  in  memory  directories
   .....................................................................................................    109
11.8.  /usr  Unix  System  Resources
   ............................................................................................   114
11.9.  /var  variable  data
   .............................................................................................................    116
11.10.  practice:  file  system  tree
   ...............................................................................................    118
11.11.  solution:  file  system  tree
   ...............................................................................................    120
IV.  shell  expansion
   ......................................................................................................................................    122
12.  commands  and  arguments
   ........................................................................................................    125
12.1.  arguments
   .........................................................................................................................   126
12.2.  white  space  removal
   ........................................................................................................    126
12.3.  single  quotes
   ....................................................................................................................    127
12.4.  double  quotes
   ...................................................................................................................   127
12.5.  echo  and  quotes
   ...............................................................................................................    127
12.6.  commands
   ........................................................................................................................    128
12.7.  aliases
   ...............................................................................................................................   129
12.8.  displaying  shell  expansion
   ..............................................................................................    130
12.9. practice: commands and arguments
  ................................................................................   131
12.10. solution: commands and arguments
  ..............................................................................   133
13.  control  operators
   ........................................................................................................................    135
Linux Fundamentals
v
13.1.  ;  semicolon
   .......................................................................................................................    136
13.2.  &  ampersand
   ....................................................................................................................   136
13.3.  $?  dollar  question  mark
   ...................................................................................................   136
13.4.  &&  double  ampersand
   ....................................................................................................    137
13.5.  ||  double  vertical  bar
   ........................................................................................................    137
13.6.  combining  &&  and  ||
   .......................................................................................................   137
13.7.  #  pound  sign
   ....................................................................................................................    138
13.8.    escaping  special  characters
   ...........................................................................................    138
13.9.  practice:  control  operators
   ...............................................................................................    139
13.10.  solution:  control  operators
   .............................................................................................   140
14.  shell  variables
   .............................................................................................................................    141
14.1.  $  dollar  sign
   .....................................................................................................................   142
14.2.  case  sensitive
   ...................................................................................................................    142
14.3.  creating  variables
   .............................................................................................................   142
14.4.  quotes
   ...............................................................................................................................    143
14.5.  set
   .....................................................................................................................................    143
14.6.  unset
   .................................................................................................................................    143
14.7.  $PS1
   .................................................................................................................................    144
14.8.  $PATH
   .............................................................................................................................    145
14.9.  env
   ....................................................................................................................................   146
14.10.  export
   .............................................................................................................................    146
14.11.  delineate  variables
   .........................................................................................................    147
14.12.  unbound  variables
   ..........................................................................................................   147
14.13.  practice:  shell  variables
   .................................................................................................    148
14.14.  solution:  shell  variables
   .................................................................................................    149
15.  shell  embedding  and  options
   .....................................................................................................   150
15.1.  shell  embedding
   ...............................................................................................................   151
15.2.  shell  options
   .....................................................................................................................   152
15.3.  practice:  shell  embedding
   ................................................................................................   153
15.4.  solution:  shell  embedding
   ................................................................................................   154
16.  shell  history
   .................................................................................................................................    155
16.1.  repeating  the  last  command
   ............................................................................................    156
16.2.  repeating  other  commands
   ..............................................................................................    156
16.3.  history
   ..............................................................................................................................    156
16.4.  !n
   ......................................................................................................................................    156
16.5.  Ctrl-r
   ................................................................................................................................    157
16.6.  $HISTSIZE
   ......................................................................................................................    157
16.7.  $HISTFILE
   ......................................................................................................................    157
16.8.  $HISTFILESIZE
   ..............................................................................................................   157
16.9. prevent recording a command
  .........................................................................................  158
16.10. (optional)regular expressions
  ........................................................................................   158
16.11.  (optional)  Korn  shell  history
   .........................................................................................    158
16.12.  practice:  shell  history
   ....................................................................................................    159
16.13.  solution:  shell  history
   ....................................................................................................    160
17.  file  globbing
   ................................................................................................................................    161
17.1.  *  asterisk
   ..........................................................................................................................   162
17.2.  ?  question  mark
   ...............................................................................................................    162
17.3.  []  square  brackets
   ............................................................................................................    163
17.4.  a-z  and  0-9  ranges
   ...........................................................................................................    164
17.5.  $LANG  and  square  brackets
   ...........................................................................................    164
17.6.  preventing  file  globbing
   ..................................................................................................    165
17.7.  practice:  shell  globbing
   ...................................................................................................    166
17.8.  solution:  shell  globbing
   ...................................................................................................    167
V.  pipes  and  commands
   ..............................................................................................................................    169
18.  I/O  redirection
   ............................................................................................................................    171
18.1.  stdin,  stdout,  and  stderr
   ...................................................................................................    172
18.2.  output  redirection
   .............................................................................................................   173
18.3.  error  redirection
   ...............................................................................................................    175
Linux Fundamentals
vi
18.4.  output  redirection  and  pipes
   ............................................................................................   176
18.5.  joining  stdout  and  stderr
   .................................................................................................    176
18.6.  input  redirection
   ...............................................................................................................   177
18.7.  confusing  redirection
   .......................................................................................................    178
18.8.  quick  file  clear
   .................................................................................................................   178
18.9. practice: input/output redirection
  ....................................................................................   179
18.10. solution: input/output redirection
  ..................................................................................   180
19.  filters
   ............................................................................................................................................    181
19.1.  cat
   .....................................................................................................................................   182
19.2.  tee
   .....................................................................................................................................   182
19.3.  grep
   ..................................................................................................................................    182
19.4.  cut
   ....................................................................................................................................    184
19.5.  tr
   .......................................................................................................................................    184
19.6.  wc
   .....................................................................................................................................   185
19.7.  sort
   ...................................................................................................................................    186
19.8.  uniq
   ..................................................................................................................................    187
19.9.  comm
   ...............................................................................................................................    188
19.10.  od
   ...................................................................................................................................    189
19.11.  sed
   ..................................................................................................................................    190
19.12.  pipe  examples
   ................................................................................................................    191
19.13.  practice:  filters
   ...............................................................................................................    192
19.14.  solution:  filters
   ...............................................................................................................   193
20.  basic  Unix  tools
   ..........................................................................................................................    195
20.1.  find
   ...................................................................................................................................    196
20.2.  locate
   ................................................................................................................................    197
20.3.  date
   ...................................................................................................................................   197
20.4.  cal
   .....................................................................................................................................   198
20.5.  sleep
   .................................................................................................................................    198
20.6.  time



حجم الكتاب عند التحميل : 6.7 ميجا بايت .
نوع الكتاب : pdf.
عداد القراءة: عدد قراءة Linux Fundamentals Paul Cobbaut

اذا اعجبك الكتاب فضلاً اضغط على أعجبني
و يمكنك تحميله من هنا:

تحميل Linux Fundamentals Paul Cobbaut
شكرًا لمساهمتكم

شكراً لمساهمتكم معنا في الإرتقاء بمستوى المكتبة ، يمكنكم االتبليغ عن اخطاء او سوء اختيار للكتب وتصنيفها ومحتواها ، أو كتاب يُمنع نشره ، او محمي بحقوق طبع ونشر ، فضلاً قم بالتبليغ عن الكتاب المُخالف:

برنامج تشغيل ملفات pdfقبل تحميل الكتاب ..
يجب ان يتوفر لديكم برنامج تشغيل وقراءة ملفات pdf
يمكن تحميلة من هنا 'http://get.adobe.com/reader/'