❞ كتاب Fundamentals of Physical Geography ❝ ⏤ John Gerrard

Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science

نبذه عن الكتاب:

We are presently living in a time of unparalleled change and when concern for the environment has never
been greater. Global warming and climate change, possible rising sea levels, deforestation, desertification,
and widespread soil erosion are just some of the issues of current concern. Although it is the role of human
activity in such issues that is of most concern, this activity affects the operation of the natural processes
that occur within the physical environment. Most of these processes and their effects are taught and
researched within the academic discipline of physical geography. A knowledge and understanding of
physical geography, and all it entails, is vitally important.
It is the aim of this Fundamentals of Physical Geography Series to provide, in five volumes, the fundamental
nature of the physical processes that act on or just above the surface of the earth. The volumes in the series
are Climatology, Geomorphology, Biogeography, Hydrology and Soils. The topics are treated in sufficient breadth
and depth to provide the coverage expected in a Fundamentals series. Each volume leads into the topic
by outlining the approach adopted. This is important because there may be several ways of approaching
individual topics. Although each volume is complete in itself, there are many explicit and implicit references to the topics covered in the other volumes. Thus, the five volumes together provide a comprehensive
insight into the totality that is Physical Geography.
The flexibility provided by separate volumes has been designed to meet the demand created by the
variety of courses currently operating in higher education institutions. The advent of modular courses has
meant that physical geography is now rarely taught in its entirety in an ‘all-embracing’ course, but is
generally split into its main components. This is also the case with many Advanced Level syllabuses. Thus
students and teachers are being frustrated increasingly by the lack of suitable books and are having to
recommend texts of which only a small part might be relevant to their needs. Such texts also tend to lack
the detail required. It is the aim of this series to provide individual volumes of sufficient breadth and depth
to fulfil new demands. The volumes should also be of use to sixth form teachers where modular syllabuses
are also becoming common. 

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology