❞ قصة Jonathan Livingston Seagull ❝ ⏤ Richard Bach

هذا القسم يحتوي علي العديد من القصص والروايات باللغة الإنجليزية

(Stories and novels) القصص والروايات
الرواية هي سرد نثري طويل يصف شخصيات خيالية أو واقعية وأحداثاً على شكل قصة متسلسلة، كما أنها أكبر الأجناس القصصية من حيث الحجم وتعدد الشخصيات وتنوع الأحداث، وقد ظهرت في أوروبا بوصفها جنساً أدبياً مؤثراً في القرن الثامن عشر، والرواية حكاية تعتمد السرد بما فيه من وصف وحوار وصراع بين الشخصيات وما ينطوي عليه ذلك من تأزم وجدل وتغذيه الأحداث
A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally written in prose form, and which is typically published as a book. The present English word for a long work of prose fiction derives from the Italian novella for "new", "news", or "short story of something new", itself from the Latin novella, a singular noun use of the neuter plural of novellus, diminutive of novus, meaning "new". Walter Scott made a distinction between the novel, in which (as he saw it) "events are accommodated to the ordinary train of human events and the modern state of society" and the romance, which he defined as "a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents". However, many such romances, including the historical romances of Scott, Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights and Herman Melville's Moby-Dick, are also frequently called novels, and Scott describes romance as a "kindred term". This sort of romance is in turn different from the genre fiction love romance or romance novel
A short story is a piece of prose fiction that typically can be read in one sitting and focuses on a self-contained incident or series of linked incidents, with the intent of evoking a "single effect" or mood.

A dictionary definition is "an invented prose narrative shorter than a novel usually dealing with a few characters and aiming at unity of effect and often concentrating on the creation of mood rather than plot."

The short story is a crafted form in its own right. Short stories make use of plot, resonance, and other dynamic components as in a novel, but typically to a lesser degree. While the short story is largely distinct from the novel or novella (a shorter novel), authors generally draw from a common pool of literary techniques.

Jonathan Livingston Seagull

Richard Bach is a writer and pilot, author of three books on
the mystique of flying. During the past decade or so, he has
edited a flying magazine, and written more than a hundred
magazine articles and stories. A former US Air Force pilot, he
is now seldom without an aeroplane.
Russell Munson started taking pictures of aeroplanes as a
child and has been involved with flying and photography ever
since. He owns a Piper Super Cub, from which he took some
of the pictures in this book.
PART ONE
IT WAS MORNING, AND THE NEW SUN SPARKLED GOLD
across the ripples of a gentle sea.
 A mile from shore a fishing boat chummed the water, and
the word for Breakfast Flock flashed through the air, till a
crowd of a thousand seagulls came to dodge and fight for bits
of food. It was another busy day beginning.
 But way off alone, out by himself beyond boat and shore,
Jonathan Livingston Seagull was practising. A hundred feet in
the sky he lowered his webbed feet, lifted his beak, and strained
to hold a painful hard twisting curve through his wings. 

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