Abstract
This article is about the literary style and major themes of the Holy Qur‘ān.First aspect is about oaths and their
explanations. The obscenities of the orientalists about oaths present in the Holy Qur‘ān are brought to light. In
this regard, the orientalists must know Arabic grammar for some oaths are actually the grammatic expression. In
this article Heaven and Hell, creation of human beings, the Sun, the Moon, alternation of day and night along
with other verses about universe is explained according to Allah’s sign. The indications are state to distinguish
the narrative style of Qur‘ān and incident of stories. In the same way the fundamentals, beliefs, marriage,
divorce, the life of Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and with social, economic and financial teachings and
enjoining are described briefly. Praying expression in Qur‘ān their significant and objectives are also stated.
Key Words: Oath , Sign Passages , Say Passages, Narratives, Regulations, Liturgical Forms
It has difficult to differentiate between its literary and systematic topic. A.T.Welch has divided the literary style
of the Qur‟ān into following parts.
1. Oaths (Qasmain) and related explanation,
2. Āyāt-u-Allah,
3. The descriptive style of ayat-ul-lah,
4. The explanation of the events into the form of fable or allegory,
5. The social laws, rules and regulation,
6. The praying expression and other aspects.
It is the distinction of the Qur‟ān that through these divisions, its literary style could be explained.(1)
1. Oath and the Related Explanation
The Oath paragraphs and its explanation occurred in small sūr‟ahs. Some are secrets, which cannot be explained.
There are various types of oath paragraphs in the Qur‟ān e.g., „„و and „ب ‟have occurred in the specific form of
noun and many sūr‟ahs end with them, for assūr‟ahnce „اَّن ‟has been used and in some places „قد ‟has also been
used. The word „„و has been used for assūr‟ahnce and accordance in the oath paragraphs. In ancient Arabic
language the (Qasam) oath had been associated with the astronomist (prophecy teller). The Qur‟ānic oath
paragraphs are also used for other terminologies e.g., oracal worshipers and prophecy tellers.(2)
There are two prominent types of Qur‟ānic oath.
1. When ayat are of one type and have the element of assūr‟ahnce.
2. When ayat are not of one type and have no element of assūr‟ahnce.(3)
The prominent example is the ayat of sūr‟ah Al-Infitar:

When the heaven is cleft asunder and when the stars have fallen and scattered and when the seas are burst forth
and when the graves are turned upside down (and bring out their contents). Then a person will know what he has
sent forward and (what he has) left behind of good or bad deeds. Oh men what has made you careless about your
Lord, the most generous? Who created you, fashioned you perfectly, and gave you due proportion.

When the sun is wound end its light is last end is overthrown and when the stars fall and when the mountains are
made to pass away when the pragrent she camels are neglected and when the wild beasts are gathered together
and when the seas become as blazing fire or overflow and when the souls are frined with their bodies (the good
with the good and the bad with the bad) and when the female (infant) buried alive (as the Degen Arabs used to do)
is question for what sin was she killed and when the (written) pages of deeds are laid open and when the heaven is
stripped off and taken away from its place and when Hell fire is set ablaze.

After describing all these verses, Richard Bell claims that all these oath paragraphs and related explanations are
near to natures, which have been prophesied by Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH). (25)
According to Islamic view point, Qasam (oath) means to distribute like to die which means to cut off or decide,
the Qasam, means to cut off and decide and oath also means in the same way which is used in special conditions.
„القسمه„ ‟والقسم ‟means to shatter something, to divide and ةماسقلا, ماستقا, مساقلاbelong to the same origin and are
related to the meaning of Yameen and Half. (26)
This word is commonly considered to have meaning of Half and Yameen but the linguists and Juriests have made
very interesting and meditative discussion about it. According to one view, Yameen means the oath taker swears
with the name of Allah when he expresses his determination for his work. (27) During routine situation, it is a
promise with Allah which is personal especially and also for the sake of welfare commonly. The swear is a thing
which would be for the distinction between truth and false hood, presence and absence of anything or news and
the aim of assūr‟ahnce of one thing i.e., the confirmation of truth or lie. The common aim of Yameen is the firm
determination and the aim of swears is the confirmation of news. (28) Oath mans a pact between people and groups
of people, but in common, use it also means Yameen نوفلحي اللهاب, فلاح نيمي .

(29) According to Fateh Al-Qadr, there
are three types of Yameen, e.g., Yameen Al-Ghamos ,نيمي سومغلاYameen Laghu ,وغللانيمي Yameen Al-Manuqada
هدقعنملانيميand Yameen Sharei, ىعرشنيميYameen Arfiىفرعنيمي ,Half Al-Muqat افلحتقومل ,Half Al-Mubad
دبوملافلح ,Half Al-Majhol لوہجملافلحare also included among then.(30) There is important discussion in the Qur‟ān
about the oaths (Qasamain) of Allah. The nature of people and their style of swearing have also been described in
the Qur‟ān. There are many ayat with the word of oath with تاقتشمand there is description of previous and
present people who did not fulfill their oaths.

And those who believe will say: “Are these the men (hypocrites) who swore their strongest oaths by Allah that
they were with you Muslims? All that they did has been in vain (because of their hypocrisy) and they have
become the losers.
The other type is oaths from Allah in which He has sweared with the names of objects of nature, observation of
universe, the day f judgment, evening and night.

In this way, the scholars have differentiated between اهنمand اہيلعمسقي that news or sentence is in the reporting
speech or reported speech. An important question has been raised in the books that why Allah needed to swear
the grandeour, dignity and sublimity and this question has been answered as the Qur‟ān is according to the Arabic
language and it has also adopted the style of Arabic (human) language نا اللها ركذ مسقلا لامكب ةجحلا اهديكاتو means
Allah has stressed His assūr‟ahnce or guarantee in oaths. (59)
The methods of the addressee in any problem are two e.g., the witness and the swear (oath) and both methods
have been used in the Qur‟ān, the examples of Qasam have been described and the instances of witness are:

The sentences of oath express their type except cursed and praying which are specific oaths. The common
method is that the letter of oath utter first which are usually „ „و„, ‟ت„, ‟بand they are frequently used in oaths
()اللهاب, اللهاو, اللهاو the letter two are not used more frequently than the first one. The letter „ب ‟is the last letter of
letters راجe.g., Amanat تناماor Hīyat تايح are emphasized with „و ‟like „ل ‟which particularly used in ىرعل كرمعل
which means „I swear by my and your life‟.

 Book The Literary Style and Major Themes of the Holy Qur‟ān A Critical Analysis of the Opinion of A.T.Welch author :