❞ كتاب Manual of Local Anesthesia in DENTISTRY ❝ ⏤ تشيتري

التعويضات السنية Prosthodontics وتشمل
الجسور الثابتة Fixed bridges والزرعات Implants
الطقوم الكاملة المتحركة removable complete denture
الطقوم الجزئية المتحركة removable partial denture
معالجة و إصلاح الأسنان Operative Dentistry وتشمل:
تشخيص تسوس الأسنان caries diagnosis
الوقايه والحد من انتشار تسوس الاسنان management of dental caries
تبييض الأسنان Dentalbleaching
تجميل الأسنان cosmetic dentistry
حشوات الأسنان Dental Fillings
معالجة لب الأسنان Endodontics
معالجة الأسنان المجهرية microscopic endodontics
طب الأسنان الوقائي Preventive Dentistry
تقويم الأسنان Orthodontics
جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
طب أسنان الأطفال Pedodontics
أمراض اللثة
أمراض الأنسجة المحيطة بالأسنان Periodontics
زراعة الأسنان Dental Implantology
أشعة الأسنان Dental Radiology
طب الأسنان الشرعي Forensic Dentistry
طب الفم Oral Medicine
أمراض الفم Oral Pathology
أنسجة الفم والأسنان Oral Histology
المادة السنية Dental material
تشريح الأسنانDental anatomy
مواضيع متعلقة بطب الأسنان
طب الأسنان للرضع
جراحة الأسنان
أسنان
طقم أسنان
طب الاسنان في الاردن
طب الأسنان في جميع أنحاء العالم

Manual of
Local Anesthesia
in DENTISTRY

Manual of
Local Anesthesia
in DENTISTRY
Second Edition
AP Chitre MDS
Hon. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon to His Excellency
The Governor of Maharashtra
Hon. Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon
Bombay Hospital and Research Centre
Formerly – Dean and Prof and Head
YMT’s Dental College and Hospital
Kharghar, New Mumbai
— Professor and Head
Nair Hospital Dental College
Bombay and Examiner
University of Bombay
— PG Examiner at many universities in India
Professor and Chairman
Department of Oral Surgery
Garyounis University, Ben Ghazi, Libya
— Professor and Head
Postgraduate teacher
Manipal College of Dental Surgery and Examiner
Karnataka University
— Professor and Head
Padmashree Dr DY Patil Dental College and Hospital
Navi Mumbai
— Professor and Head
Postgraduate teacher
KLES Institute of Dental Sciences
Belgaum and Examiner, Rajiv Gandhi University, Karnataka
Past President of
1. Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India
2. Indian Dental Association
3. Indian Society of Oral Implantologists

1. Manual of Local Anesthesia in DENTISTRY
2. Manual of Local Anesthesia in DENTISTRY Second Edition AP Chitre MDS Hon. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon to His Excellency The Governor of Maharashtra Hon. Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon Bombay Hospital and Research Centre Formerly – Dean and Prof and Head YMT’s Dental College and Hospital Kharghar, New Mumbai — Professor and Head Nair Hospital Dental College Bombay and Examiner University of Bombay — PG Examiner at many universities in India Professor and Chairman Department of Oral Surgery Garyounis University, Ben Ghazi, Libya — Professor and Head Postgraduate teacher Manipal College of Dental Surgery and Examiner Karnataka University — Professor and Head Padmashree Dr DY Patil Dental College and Hospital Navi Mumbai — Professor and Head Postgraduate teacher KLES Institute of Dental Sciences Belgaum and Examiner, Rajiv Gandhi University, Karnataka Past President of 1. Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2. Indian Dental Association 3. Indian Society of Oral Implantologists JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD St Louis (USA) • Panama City (Panama) • New Delhi • Ahmedabad • Bengaluru Chennai • Hyderabad • Kochi • Kolkata • Lucknow • Mumbai • Nagpur ®
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4. Dedicated to my parents
5. Foreword to the First Edition It gives me great pleasure to write a foreword on the text Manual of Local Anesthesia in Dentistry. It is a common practice all over the globe to use dentist’s name to quieten a child. This was largely due to the painful experiences one often underwent during dental treatment in the past. The advances in the knowledge of pain mechanisms, thorough understanding of pharmacology has resulted in the development of various strategies for pain control particularly in dentistry. Local anesthesia still remains the most favoured choice of pain control method. It is surprising that in a country like ours, with nearly 200 Dental Schools does not possess a single book on local anesthesia written by any experienced teacher or a clinician of Indian origin. Professor AP Chitre, an experienced senior Maxillofacial Surgeon in the Country has undertaken the task of putting down his experiences and scripted this manual of local anesthesia. It appears, to be a comprehensive book covering all the aspects related to the subject and I am sure, not only the students but all the dentists will find it useful in day to day practice. I have no hesitation to recommend this book for both undergraduate students and practicing dental professionals. I congratulate Professor Chitre for this wonderful work, which will benefit the dental profession. Prof. C. Bhasker Rao Prof. C. Bhasker Rao MDS FDSRCPS Principal, SDM College of Sciences and Hospital Director, Craniofacial Surgery and Research Center Vice President, Dental Council of India
6. Preface to the Second Edition It gives me great pleasure and sense of satisfaction to present to you the second edition of my book, Manual of Local Anesthesia in Dentistry. This has been possible due to the good response given by the students and teaching colleagues. I thank them all. The new edition has been updated by adding seven new chapters, keeping in mind the present scenario and the curricula of all Indian universities. The new chapters are on Theories of Pain Perception, Methods of Pain Control, Medical Evaluation, Infection Control, Preanesthetic Medications, Newer Injection Techniques, and Management of Dental Clinic Waste. Some of the old chapters have been revised and upgraded. The notable additions are the newer local anesthetic agents. The maximum recommended doses have been dealt with in details. A lot of new diagrams related with Local Anesthetic Agents, Armamentarium, Injection Techniques have also been added. The chapter on HIV and Guidelines for Occupational Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) has been totally revised, which includes the latest guidelines given by National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. I gratefully acknowledge the unstinted support and work put in by Dr MI Parkar, without whose efforts this edition would not have been so completed. His son Sa’ad Parkar who with his expert knowledge of computers helped in preparing the manuscripts and diagrams. I remain grateful to Dr Jyotsna Meshri, for guiding and helping to update the chapter on Systemic Complications of Anesthesia and their Management, Dr Amrita Haldar, for volunteering to be the charming model for injection techniques, and Professor (Dr) Seema Muzumdar, for her critical assessment of the First edition and the review. I also thank the publishers, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, for their support. I am indebted to Padma Bhushan Brigadier Dr Anil Kohli, President Dental Council of India for releasing the First edition. I hope that the new edition fulfils the requirements of students and the teaching staff, as an attempt is made to cover all the aspects of local anesthesia in dentistry. AP Chitre
7. Preface to the First Edition Dental treatment has been associated with pain from time immemorial. In fact, patients are scared to sit in the Dental Chair and will prefer to suffer until it becomes worse and unbearable. Dental pain is unique and worst compared to all other pains in the body. In Greek Mythology there is reference to the punishment given to Saint Appolonia who was branded as a witch. It was decreed that her teeth should be removed without anaesthesia only one at a time. Later, however, it was proved that she was not a witch and was granted sainthood. Performance of painless dental procedures is highly appreciated by the patients and is easily possible with the help of available local anaesthetic solutions and techniques. However, sound knowledge of surgical anatomy comprising of osseous landmarks, position of exit foramina of the 5th cranial nerve, attachment of muscles, innervation of soft and hard tissues is essential. Correct position of the patient and operator while performing the procedure gives successful results. Detailed, relevant and meticulous history taking will forewarn the operator and will avoid a mishap. Adequate information about the drug used as local anaesthetic agent with relevance to proper dosage, contraindications and possible side reactions will help the Dental Surgeon to be well prepared for the eventualities. Last but not the least gentle tissue handling will avoid many untoward reactions and unpleasant situations. Sound local anaesthesia is epitome of successful dental practice hence the need for this treatise for Dental students and practitioners. AP Chitre

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