โ ูุชุงุจ The Impact of Science on Society (Routledge Classics) by Bertrand Russell โ โค ุจุฑุชุฑุงูุฏ ุฑุงุณู
SEVEN LECTURES DEALING WITH VARIOUS ASPECTS OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC INFLUENCE
Bertrand Arthur William Russell (1872-1970) was an influential British philosopher, logician, mathematician, and political activist. In 1950, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, in recognition of his many books.
The โPrefatory Noteโ to this 1952 book states, โThis book is based on lectures originally given at Ruskin College, Oxford, England. Three of these---Chapter I, โScience and Tradition,โ Chapter II, โGeneral Effects of Scientific Techniques,โ and Chapter VI, โScience and Valuesโ---were subsequently repeated at Columbia University, New York, and published by the Columbia University Pressโฆ The last chapter โฆ โCan a Scientific Society be Stable?โ was the Lloyd Roberts Lecture given at the Royal Society of Medicine, London.โ
In the first lecture, he observes, โIt is hardly till the time of Lister and Pasteur that medicine can be said to have become scientific. The diminution of human suffering owing to the advances of medicine is beyond all calculation. Out of the work of the great men of the seventeenth century a new outlook on the world was developed, and it was this outlook, not specific arguments, which brought about the decay of the belief in portents, witchcraft, demoniacal possession, and so forth.โ (Pg. 6)
He continues, โThe modern universe is a very different sort of place. Since the victory of the Copernican system we have known that the earth is not the center of the universe. For a time the sun replaced it, but then it turned out that the sun is by no means a monarch among the stars, in fact, is scarcely even middle classโฆ the Milky Way โฆ is one of a collection of galaxies, of which about 30 million are known. It is not easy to maintain a belief in oneโs cosmic importance in view of such overwhelming statistics.โ (Pg. 13-14)
In the second lecture, he suggests, โCommunications have been hitherto the chief factor limiting the size of empiresโฆ This difficulty was diminished by railways and the telegraph, and is on the point of disappearing with the improvement of the long-range bomber. There would now be no technical difficulty about a single world-wide Empire. Since war is likely to become more destructive of human life than it has been in recent centuries, unification under a single government is probably necessary unless we are to acquiesce to either a return to barbarism or the extinction of the human race.โ (Pg. 26)
He states, โAmerica has invented the phrase โyes-menโ for those who flatter great executives. In England we are more troubled by โno-men,โ who make it their business to employ clever ignorance in opposing and sabotaging every scheme suggested by those who have knowledge and imagination and enterprise. I am afraid our โno-menโ are a thousand times more harmful than the American โyes-men.โ If we are to recover prosperity, we shall have to find ways of emancipating energy and enterprise from the frustrating control of constitutionally timid ignoramuses.โ (Pg. 37)
ุจุฑุชุฑุงูุฏ ุฑุงุณู - ูููุณูู ูุนุงูู
ู
ูุทู ูุฑูุงุถู ูู
ุคุฑุฎ ููุงูุฏ ุงุฌุชู
ุงุนู ุจุฑูุทุงูู. ูู ู
ุฑุงุญู ู
ุฎุชููุฉ ู
ู ุญูุงุชูุ ูุงู ุฑุงุณู ููุจุฑุงููุงู ูุงุดุชุฑุงููุงู ูุฏุงุนูุฉ ุณูุงู
ุ ุฅูุง ุฃูู ุฃูุฑ ุฃูู ูู
ููู ุฃูุงู ู
ู ูุคูุงุก ุจุงูู
ุนูู ุงูุนู
ูู.
ูุนูู ุงูุฑุบู
ู
ู ูุถุงุฆู ู
ุนุธู
ุญูุงุชู ูู ุฅูุฌูุชุฑุงุ ูููุฏ ุฑุงุณู ูู ูููุฒ ูุชููู ุนู ุนู
ุฑ ูุงูุฒ ุงูู 100 ุนุงู
ุง.
โฐ ูู ู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ู
ู ุงูุฅูุฌุงุฒุงุช ูุงูู
ุคููุงุช ุฃุจุฑุฒูุง โ ุญูู
ุฉ ุงูุบุฑุจ โ โ ูู ุงูุชุฑุจูุฉ โ โ ุงูููุฒ ุจุงูุณุนุงุฏุฉ โ โ ุฅูุชุตุงุฑ ุงูุณุนุงุฏุฉ โ โ ุชุงุฑูุฎ ุงูููุณูุฉ ุงูุบุฑุจูุฉ ุงููุชุงุจ ุงูุซุงูุซ ุงูููุณูุฉ ุงูุญุฏูุซุฉ โ โ ุฃุตูู ุงูุฑูุงุถูุงุช ุฌุฒุฆูู โ โ ุจุญูุซ ุบูุฑ ู
ุฃูููุฉ โ โ ุณูุฑุชู ุงูุฐุงุชูุฉ ุฌ1 โ โ ุขุซุฑ ุงูุนูู
ูู ุงูู
ุฌุชู
ุน โ ุงููุงุดุฑูู : โ ุฏุงุฑ ุงูู
ุนุงุฑู โ โ ุงูููุฆุฉ ุงูู
ุตุฑูุฉ ุงูุนุงู
ุฉ ูููุชุงุจ โ โ ุงูู
ุฑูุฒ ุงูููู
ู ููุชุฑุฌู
ุฉ โ โ ุงูู
ุฌูุณ ุงููุทูู ููุซูุงูุฉ ูุงููููู ูุงูุขุฏุงุจ โ โ ุงูู
ุฏู ููุฅุนูุงู
ูุงูุซูุงูุฉ ูุงููููู โ โ ุฏุงุฑ ุงูุฑุงูุฏูู ููุทุจุงุนุฉ ูุงููุดุฑ ูุงูุชูุฒูุน โ โ ุฏุงุฑ ู
ูุชุจุฉ ุงูุญูุงุฉ โ โ ุฏุงุฑ ุงูุชูููู ููุชุฃููู ูุงูุชุฑุฌู
ุฉ ูุงููุดุฑ โ โ ุงูู
ุคุณุณุฉ ุงูุฌุงู
ุนูุฉ ููุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ู ุงููุดุฑ ู ุงูุชูุฒูุน โ โ ุฏุงุฑ ุขูุงู ูููุดุฑ ูุงูุชูุฒูุน โ โ ุฏุงุฑ ุงูุฃู
ูุฑ ูููุดุฑ ูุงูุชูุฒูุน ูุงูุชุฑุฌู
ุฉ โ โฑ
ู
ู ุงูููุฑ ูุงูููุณูุฉ - ู
ูุชุจุฉ ุงูู
ูุชุจุฉ ุงูุชุฌุฑูุจูุฉ.