❞ كتاب The Invasion of Lebanon ❝ ⏤ إقبال أحمد

The 1982 Lebanon War, also called the invasion of Lebanon or what Israel called the Galilee Peace Process and Operation Pine (in Hebrew: מבצע שלום הגליל, or מבצע של"ג), is a war that ravaged Lebanon, turning its lands into a battlefield between the Palestine Liberation Organization, Syria, and Israel. The reasons for this are The war refers to a number of events that took place in the Middle East during the years preceding it, from the Cairo Agreement, which regulated the presence of armed Palestinian factions in Lebanon, to the Lebanese civil war.

The battles began on June 6, 1982, when the Israeli government decided to launch a military operation against the Palestine Liberation Organization after an assassination attempt on its ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov, at the hands of the Abu Nidal Organization. Israel occupied southern Lebanon after attacking the PLO, the Syrian forces, and the Lebanese Islamic armed militias. The Liberation Organization and some Syrian army units were besieged in West Beirut. The PLO withdrew from Beirut after that part of it was subjected to violent bombing, with the assistance of the Special Envoy, Philip Habib, and under the protection of international peacekeeping forces.

This war in its recognized form ended in 1985, but its effects and remnants did not end until May 2000, when the Israeli army and its aides effectively withdrew from southern Lebanon. It is worth noting that Israel has thrown into this war twice the number of forces it faced against Egypt and Syria in the October 1973 war.
إقبال أحمد - إقبال أحمد كان عالمًا سياسيًا باكستانيًا وكاتبًا وصحفيًا وناشطًا مناهضًا للحرب. لقد انتقد بشدة استراتيجية الولايات المتحدة في الشرق الأوسط وكذلك ما اعتبره "اللعنة المزدوجة" القومية والتعصب الديني في دول مثل باكستان.

ولد إقبال أحمد في قرية إيركي في ولاية بيهار بالهند عام 1933 أو 1934. وبعد سنوات قليلة، قُتل والده بسبب نزاع على الأرض، بينما كان إقبال الشاب يرقد بجانبه. أثناء تقسيم الهند عام 1947، هاجر هو وإخوته الأكبر إلى باكستان.

❰ له مجموعة من الإنجازات والمؤلفات أبرزها ❞ Between Past and Future: Selected Essays on South Asia ❝ ❞ Terrorism: Theirs and Ours ❝ ❞ Islam and Open Society Fidelity and Movement in the Philosophy of Muhammad Iqbal ❝ ❞ Race and Class: A Journal for Black and Third World Liberation ❝ ❞ Eqbal Ahmad: Confronting Empire ❝ ❞ The Pen and the Sword: Edward W. Said: Conversations with David Barsamian ❝ ❞ The Invasion of Lebanon ❝ ❞ একবাল আহমদ : পাঠ ও বিবেচনা ❝ ❞ Louder than Bombs: Interviews from The Progressive Magazine ❝ الناشرين : ❞ جميع الحقوق محفوظة للمؤلف ❝ ❱
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