❞ كتاب Constitutional environmental rights ❝ ⏤ Oxford University

Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science

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Work on this book was initially stimulated through conversations
with several friends and colleagues. For their encouragement, and
for their guidance on legal aspects of the inquiry, thanks go to
Michael Anderson, Alan Boyle, Christine Boch, Chris Himsworth,
Antonia Layard, and Leonor Moral Soriano. Drafts of the work in
progress benefited from discussions at various seminars, conferences, and workshops, and I would like to thank everyone who
has contributed to its development at these events and in personal conversation, in particular Brian Barry, John Barry, Avner
De-Shalit, Andrew Dobson, Andrew Light, David Miller, John
O’Neill, Graham Smith, and Susan Stephenson.
A substantial portion of the initial research was made possible
by ESRC grant R000222269 and this is gratefully acknowledged.
Part of the research was conducted during a visiting fellowship at
the Oxford Centre for Ethics, Environment and Society (OCEES),
Hilary Term 1998, for which I warmly thank my hosts at
Mansfield College. The rest of the work was carried out at the
University of Edinburgh where I have enjoyed the support of
excellent colleagues and the additional freedom to write afforded
by a couple of terms’ sabbatical leave. The University also supported the 1998 public seminar ‘Constitutional Environmental
Rights for Scotland?’, whose assembled panel of lawyers, campaigners, and politicians helped simultaneously to broaden and
to focus the perspectives that have come to inform this work, and
I would particularly like to thank, in addition to people named
elsewhere, Sarah Boyack and Andy Myles. I am also indebted to
Eurig Scandrett and Friends of the Earth Scotland for the insights
yielded by several seminars they have sponsored on environmental
justice.

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology