❞ كتاب XML for Bioinformatics ❝ ⏤ Ethan Cerami

Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science
 

نبذه عن الكتاب:

The goal of this book is to introduce XML to a bioinformatics audience. It does so by introducing
the fundamentals of XML, Document Type Definitions (DTDs),XMLNamespaces,XMLSchema,
and XML parsing, and illustrating these concepts with specific bioinformatics case studies. The
book does not assume any previous knowledge of XML and is geared toward those who want a
solid introduction to fundamental XML concepts.
The book is divided into nine chapters:

Chapter 1: Introduction to XML for Bioinformatics. This chapter provides an introduction
to XML and describes the use of XML in biological data exchange. A bird’s-eye view of our
first case study, the Distributed Annotation System (DAS), is provided and we examine a sample
DAS XML document. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the pros and cons of using
XML in bioinformatic applications.

Chapter 2: Fundamentals of XML and BSML. This chapter introduces the fundamental
concepts of XML and the Bioinformatic Sequence Markup Language (BSML).We explore the
origins of XML, define basic rules for XML document structure, and introduce XML Namespaces.
We also explore several sample BSML documents and visualize these documents in the
Rescentris Genomic WorkspaceTM Viewer.

Chapter 3: DTDs for Bioinformatics. This chapter introduces XML Document Type Definitions
(DTDs). With DTDs, you can define specific rules for XML document construction and
validate XML instance documents against these rules. This chapter builds a DTD for representing
protein sequences and does so in incremental stages—we therefore start out simply and add
layers of complexity as new concepts are introduced. The chapter also includes an overview of
XML data formats available from The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI),
and provides a complete description of the NCBI TinySeq DTD.

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology