❞ كتاب Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology ❝ ⏤ Joseph Seckbach

Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science
 

نبذه عن الكتاب:

Bioinformatics is mainly concerned with the analysis of biological data and especially
genetic sequences and protein structures. The two main objectives of bioinformatics are the
identification of genes and the prediction of their function. So, the scope of bioinformatics
covers completely functional genomics. Our research is guided by the “model-driven”
approach.

Bioinformatics combines theoretical and practical methods allowing a comparative re-
flection between the foundations of computer science and biology and it contributes to a

good approach to a better understanding of genetic mechanisms of the living to conceive
the principles of new computer systems which are more adaptable, do better cooperate
and are more tolerant to breakdowns and environment conditions by defining new kinds of
automata and formal grammars which are at the root of the construction of machines and
of the elaboration of programming languages.
For example, the analogy between Turing machine and the cellular ribosome allows a
better understanding of the functioning of the latter. Professor Chauvet’s works (Institute
of Biology of Angers), concerning the cerebellum, are likely to lead to new concepts in
robotics, to new types of formal neuronal networks (Chauvet 1987). To resume: biology
inspires the science of computer program advances and reciprocally computer science,
biological system modeling and understanding.

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology