❞ كتاب Evolutionary Biology ❝ ⏤ Pierre Pontarotti

Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science

نبذه عن الكتاب:

Rate of Adaptation of Large Populations
Feng Yu and Alison Etheridge
Abstract We consider the accumulation of beneficial and deleterious mutations in
asexual populations. The rate of adaptation is affected by the total mutation rate,
proportion of beneficial mutations, and population size N. We describe two models:
a strong selection model for large population size and a weak selection model for
moderate population size. For the strong selection model, we give an argument to
show that regardless of mutation rates, as long as the proportion of beneficial mutations is strictly positive, the adaptation rate is at least O(log1−δ N), if the population
size is sufficiently large. For the weak selection model, we use a Girsanov transform
to perform some preliminary calculations that shed new light on the adaptation rate.

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology