❞ كتاب Methods in Molecular Biology _ Methods and Protocols ❝ ⏤ Tanja Zigova

Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science

نبذه عن الكتاب:

Over the last decade, neural stem cell research has provided penetrating
insights into the plasticity and regenerative potential of the brain. Stem cells
have been isolated from embryonic as well as adult central nervous system
(CNS). Many non-CNS mammalian tissues also contain stem cells with a more
limited repertoire: the replacement of tissue-specific cells throughout the lifetime of the organism. Progress has been made in understanding fundamental
stem cell properties that depend on the interplay of extrinsic signaling factors
with intrinsic genetic programs within critical time frames. With this growing
knowledge, scientists have been able to change a neural stem cell’s fate. Under certain conditions, neural stem cells have been induced to differentiate
into cells outside the expected neural lineage and conversely, stem cells from
nonneural tissue have been shown to transdifferentiate into cells with distinct
neural phenotypes.
At the moment, there is an accelerated effort to identify a readily available, socially acceptable stem cell that can be induced to proliferate in an undifferentiated state and that can be manipulated at will to generate diverse cells
types. We are on the threshold of a great new therapeutic era of cellular therapy
that has as great, if not greater, potential as the current pharmacologic era, glorified by antibiotics, anesthetics, pain killers, immunosuppressants, and psychotropics. Cellular therapeutics carries the promise of replacing missing neurons,
but also may serve to replenish absent chemical signals, metabolites, enzymes,
neurotransmitters, or other missing or defective components from the diseased
or injured brain. Cellular therapies may provide the best vehicle for delivery of
genetic material for treatment of hereditary diseases

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology