❞ كتاب Human Airway Inflammation_ Sampling Techniques and Analytical Protocols ❝ ⏤ Duncan F. Rogers Louise E. Donnelly

Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science

نبذه عن الكتاب:

Airway Inflammation and Remodeling in Asthma
Current Concepts
Stephen T. Holgate
1. Introduction
Asthma is a heterogeneous disorder of the airways with intermittent airflow
obstruction frequently accompanied by increased responsiveness of the bronchi to a wide variety of exogenous and endogenous stimuli. A number of different types of asthma have been described, based largely on the clinical
manifestations of, or factors precipitating, the airflow obstruction. As the disease becomes more severe and chronic, it is suggested that the airflow obstruction may progressively lose some of its reversibility and, in this respect,
resemble some aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
However, in a small proportion of patients with life-threatening asthma, the
airways are highly labile on account of greatly enhanced bronchial
hyperresponsiveness. At the other end of the disease severity spectrum there
are many patients with mild intermittent asthma whose disease only manifests
when exposed to particular sensitizing allergens to which they are sensitive
(e.g. outdoor allergens during the pollen season).
Over the last 50 yr, the prevalence of asthma and allied allergic disorders
have progressively increased on a worldwide scale, in both developed and
developing countries. In addition to an increase in asthma-related symptoms,
there is evidence of increased medication usage and a rise in hospital admissions for asthma. The reasons for these rising trends may be multiple. Suggestions include:

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology