❞ رواية The Summons ❝ ⏤ John Grisham

هذا القسم يحتوي علي العديد من القصص والروايات باللغة الإنجليزية

(Stories and novels) القصص والروايات
الرواية هي سرد نثري طويل يصف شخصيات خيالية أو واقعية وأحداثاً على شكل قصة متسلسلة، كما أنها أكبر الأجناس القصصية من حيث الحجم وتعدد الشخصيات وتنوع الأحداث، وقد ظهرت في أوروبا بوصفها جنساً أدبياً مؤثراً في القرن الثامن عشر، والرواية حكاية تعتمد السرد بما فيه من وصف وحوار وصراع بين الشخصيات وما ينطوي عليه ذلك من تأزم وجدل وتغذيه الأحداث
A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally written in prose form, and which is typically published as a book. The present English word for a long work of prose fiction derives from the Italian novella for "new", "news", or "short story of something new", itself from the Latin novella, a singular noun use of the neuter plural of novellus, diminutive of novus, meaning "new". Walter Scott made a distinction between the novel, in which (as he saw it) "events are accommodated to the ordinary train of human events and the modern state of society" and the romance, which he defined as "a fictitious narrative in prose or verse; the interest of which turns upon marvellous and uncommon incidents". However, many such romances, including the historical romances of Scott, Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights and Herman Melville's Moby-Dick, are also frequently called novels, and Scott describes romance as a "kindred term". This sort of romance is in turn different from the genre fiction love romance or romance novel
A short story is a piece of prose fiction that typically can be read in one sitting and focuses on a self-contained incident or series of linked incidents, with the intent of evoking a "single effect" or mood.

A dictionary definition is "an invented prose narrative shorter than a novel usually dealing with a few characters and aiming at unity of effect and often concentrating on the creation of mood rather than plot."

The short story is a crafted form in its own right. Short stories make use of plot, resonance, and other dynamic components as in a novel, but typically to a lesser degree. While the short story is largely distinct from the novel or novella (a shorter novel), authors generally draw from a common pool of literary techniques.

The Summons    

It came by mail, regular postage, the old-fashioned way since the Judge was
almost eighty and distrusted modern devices. Forget e-mail and even faxes. He didn't
use an answering machine and had never been fond of the telephone. He pecked out
his letters with both index fingers, one feeble key at a time, hunched over his old
Underwood manual on a rolltop desk under the portrait of Nathan Bedford Forrest.
The Judge's grandfather had fought with Forrest at Shiloh and throughout the Deep
South, and to him no figure in history was more revered. For thirty-two years, the
Judge had quietly refused to hold court on July 13, Forrest's birthday.
It came with another letter, a magazine, and two invoices, and was routinely
placed in the law school mailbox of Professor Ray Atlee. He recognized it
immediately since such envelopes had been a part of his life for as long as he could
remember. It was from his lather, a man he too called the Judge.
Professor Atlee studied the envelope, uncertain whether he should open it right
there or wait a moment. Good news or bad, he never knew with the Judge, though the
old man was dying and good news had been rare. It was thin and appeared to contain
only one sheet of paper; nothing unusual about that. The Judge was frugal with the
written word, though he'd once been known for his windy lectures from the bench.
It was a business letter, that much was certain. The Judge was not one for small
talk, hated gossip and idle chitchat, whether written or spoken. Ice tea with him on the
porch would be a refighting of the Civil War, probably at Shiloh, where he would
once again lay all blame for the Confederate defeat at the shiny, untouched boots of
General Pierre G. T. Beauregard, a man he would hate even in heaven, if by chance
they met there.
He'd be dead soon. Seventy-nine years old with cancer in his stomach. He was
overweight, a diabetic, a heavy pipe smoker, had a bad heart that had survived three
attacks, and a host of lesser ailments that had tormented him for twenty years and
were now finally closing in for the kill. The pain was constant. During their last phone
call three weeks earlier, a call initiated by Ray because the Judge thought long
distance was a rip-off, the old man sounded weak and strained. They had talked for
less than two minutes. 
 

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